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液(ye)壓缸(gang)(gang)結構基(ji)本上可(ke)以分(fen)為缸(gang)(gang)筒(tong)和缸(gang)(gang)蓋、活塞(sai)和活塞(sai)桿、密封(feng)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置、緩沖裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置和排(pai)氣裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置五個(ge)部分(fen)。今天威海(hai)力(li)建小(xiao)編著(zhu)重帶著(zhu)大家了解一下缸(gang)(gang)筒(tong)和缸(gang)(gang)蓋。

 缸筒和缸蓋

一般來說(shuo)，缸(gang)(gang)筒(tong)(tong)和(he)缸(gang)(gang)蓋的(de)結構(gou)(gou)(gou)形(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)其(qi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)材(cai)料有關。工(gong)(gong)作壓力p＜10MPa時，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鑄(zhu)鐵；p＜20MPa時，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)無縫鋼(gang)(gang)管；p＞20MPa時，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鑄(zhu)鋼(gang)(gang)或鍛鋼(gang)(gang)。法蘭連接(jie)(jie)式(shi)(shi)(shi)，結構(gou)(gou)(gou)簡單，容(rong)易(yi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)，也容(rong)易(yi)裝拆，但外形(xing)(xing)尺(chi)(chi)寸(cun)和(he)重(zhong)(zhong)量都較大(da)，常(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于鑄(zhu)鐵制(zhi)的(de)缸(gang)(gang)筒(tong)(tong)上。半(ban)環連接(jie)(jie)式(shi)(shi)(shi)，它(ta)的(de)缸(gang)(gang)筒(tong)(tong)壁(bi)部因開了(le)環形(xing)(xing)槽而削(xue)弱了(le)強度，為此有時要(yao)加(jia)(jia)(jia)厚缸(gang)(gang)壁(bi)，它(ta)容(rong)易(yi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)和(he)裝拆，重(zhong)(zhong)量較輕，常(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于無縫鋼(gang)(gang)管或鍛鋼(gang)(gang)制(zhi)的(de)缸(gang)(gang)筒(tong)(tong)上。螺(luo)紋(wen)連接(jie)(jie)式(shi)(shi)(shi)，它(ta)的(de)缸(gang)(gang)筒(tong)(tong)端部結構(gou)(gou)(gou)復(fu)雜(za)，外徑(jing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)時要(yao)求保證內外徑(jing)同(tong)心，裝拆要(yao)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)工(gong)(gong)具(ju)，它(ta)的(de)外形(xing)(xing)尺(chi)(chi)寸(cun)和(he)重(zhong)(zhong)量都較小(xiao)，常(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于無縫鋼(gang)(gang)管或鑄(zhu)鋼(gang)(gang)制(zhi)的(de)缸(gang)(gang)筒(tong)(tong)上。拉桿連接(jie)(jie)式(shi)(shi)(shi)，結構(gou)(gou)(gou)的(de)通用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)性(xing)大(da)，容(rong)易(yi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)和(he)裝拆，但外形(xing)(xing)尺(chi)(chi)寸(cun)較大(da)，且較重(zhong)(zhong)。焊(han)接(jie)(jie)連接(jie)(jie)式(shi)(shi)(shi)，結構(gou)(gou)(gou)簡單，尺(chi)(chi)寸(cun)小(xiao)，但缸(gang)(gang)底處內徑(jing)不(bu)易(yi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)，且可能(neng)引起變形(xing)(xing)。

叉車起升缸活塞桿動(dong)作慢(man)、起升時(shi)門架有間(jian)斷或沖(chong)擊

故障檢查1：系統油量(liang)不(bu)足

故障(zhang)排(pai)除：加油至油標線

故(gu)障檢查2：密封不良、油(you)管連接(jie)不緊造成(cheng)漏油(you)、油(you)管損(sun)壞

故障排除：加密封，擰緊管接頭，更換油(you)管

故障檢(jian)查3：油泵故障致供油不足

故(gu)障排除：修理或更換油泵

故障(zhang)檢查4：安全閥調整不當或損壞(huai)

故(gu)障排除：調整(zheng)或修理安(an)全閥

故障檢查(cha)5：液(ye)壓(ya)過濾器堵塞(sai)

故障排除：清(qing)洗或更(geng)換(huan)液壓油濾(lv)清(qing)器

故障檢查6：液壓(ya)系統中有空(kong)氣

故障排(pai)除(chu)：將空(kong)氣排(pai)除(chu)

現象（一）：串漏

原因：

 1.壓(ya)力(li)迅速上升或(huo)者缸壁膨脹，油液進入間隙，壓(ya)力(li)形成對密(mi)封的下行作用，串漏形成

2.密封(feng)環未設計泄壓槽

防止措施：

1.密(mi)封環設(she)計留有泄壓槽(cao)，油(you)液通過泄壓槽(cao)，填充溝槽(cao)從而壓縮O形(xing)圈(quan)，產生(sheng)密(mi)封

原因：

1.運(yun)動速度太快

2.有偏心運(yun)動

3.滑動面粗(cu)糙度不均勻(yun)

4.安裝時扭轉

防止措施：

1.改用唇形密封(feng)

2.消除偏(pian)心運動

3.修改滑動面粗糙(cao)度(du)

4.注意安裝

原因：

1.溝槽設計不合理導(dao)致(zhi)壓縮率太大(da)：沒(mei)有考慮到材料(liao)由于熱(re)量及化學(xue)介質引起的變(bian)形，或由于壓力過大(da)引起

防止措施：

1.溝槽的設計應考慮(lv)到材料由于(yu)溫度及(ji)化學(xue)介質(zhi)引起(qi)的變(bian)形